Importance, definitions, nature and scope of public administration - PSB (2023)

Importance and definition of public administration

Public administrationit is the implementation of government policies and the management of public programs. It includes the administration of public institutions and the performance of public servants.

The word"Administrator"comes from the Latin words"To sue"mi"ministry"which does ______________ mean"serve"Ö"administer."It refers to the management of public or private affairs.

LD Branco–"The art of management is to direct, coordinate and control many people to achieve the same goal."

It is a specialized activity focused on the implementation of public policy, primarily through the executive branch. It is the field of study that examines how government policies and programs are designed, implemented, and evaluated. Public administration also includes studying how political and economic systems interact with administrative systems, analyzing the role of public servants and the impact of bureaucratic rules and procedures on society.

It is a diverse field that encompasses several sub-disciplines, includingpublic order,State and Public Administration, miNon-Profit-Management.Public administration professionals serve in a variety of roles, such as government officials, managers, analysts, and consultants, and are employed at all levels of government, as well as in non-profit organizations and private companies that work with government. .

Definition of public administration

Public administration is a field of study and practice that has been defined and redefined by various scholars throughout its history. Here are some notable definitions of public administration by various scholars:

LD knows – "Public administration consists of all those activities whose purpose is the maintenance or execution of public order."

Woodrow Wilson – “Public administration is a detailed and systematic application of the law. Each special legal application is an administrative act.

Dimocksaid, that“Public administration is primarily concerned with the “what” and the “what”.'how'of the government He'was'it is the matter, the technical knowledge in a field that enables an administrator to carry out his tasks. The “how” are the management techniques, the principles by which cooperative programs are successfully conducted. Each is indispensable, together they form the synthesis called public administration.”

carson and harris„Public administration is the acting part of government, the means by which the goals and objectives of government are realized.

Simon -"Public administration in general use means the activities of the executive powers of the federal, state and local authorities."

Managed by -„Public administration is "the art and science of management applied to the affairs of state".

nature of public administration

The nature of public administration is complex and multifaceted, and is often described as diversefeatures. Some of the main tasks of public administration are:

1. advertising: Public administration differs from private administration in that it is concerned with the management of public affairs and resources and is accountable to the public through democratic institutions and processes.
2. bureaucracy: Public administration is often associated with bureaucracy, which refers to the system of rules, procedures, and hierarchy used to manage public affairs. Bureaucracy is often criticized for being slow and inefficient, but it also performs important functions, such as ensuring fairness and consistency in decision-making.
3. Implementation Policy:Public administration is responsible for implementing government policies and programs. This includes developing and implementing policies, managing budgets and resources, and ensuring government programs and services are delivered effectively and efficiently.
4. Service oriented:Public administration is service-oriented, which means that it focuses on providing services to the general public. This includes providing basic services such as health, education and public safety, and promoting the common good through policies and programs.
5. Political-administrative interaction:Public administration is closely linked to politics and is influenced by the political environment in which it operates. Public administrators must navigate the political landscape and work effectively with elected officials to achieve their goals.
6. Interdisciplinary:Public administration draws on knowledge from a variety of disciplines, such as political science, economics, sociology, and administration, to expand your understanding of public problems and develop solutions.
7. constant change:Public administration is a dynamic field that is constantly changing to meet new challenges and opportunities. Public administrations must be able to adapt to new policies, technologies and social trends to be effective.

Besides the nature and characteristics of public administration mentioned above, there are several scholars who have expressed two different views on the nature of public administration. Contains -

1. All-encompassing vision
2. Management-Vision

1. Comprehensive view

In a broad perspective, public administration is viewed as a fundamental aspect of democracy, where the government is responsible for ensuring the well-being and welfare of its citizens. It is a process that includes the development and implementation of policies and programs that serve the public interest. The focus of this perspective is on the common good and the role of the state in promoting it.

This vision sees public administration as a complete activity. It includes all the people from top to bottom who have contributed to the achievement of the given goal. From this point of view, administration depends on the affairs of the organism concerned, that is, on its diversity from one sphere to another.

LD Branco–“Public administration includes all those activities whose purpose is the maintenance or execution of public order. This definition encompasses a multitude of specific operations in many areas: delivering a letter, selling public land, negotiating a contract, awarding compensation to an injured worker, quarantining a sick child, picking up trash from a park, produce plutonium and license the use of nuclear energy”.(Blanco 1958: 1)

Mariscal E. Dimock–„Management deals with the "what" and "how" of government. Ö'what's going on there, the specialist knowledge of an area that enables the manager to carry out his duties. THE 'How is the management technique, the principles by which cooperative programs are successful”.

2. Managementvision

From an administrative perspective, public administration is viewed as a set of processes and systems used to administer and execute government. This perspective emphasizes efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the delivery of public services. The focus of this perspective is on the management of resources, the use of technology, and the development of policies and programs that meet the needs of citizens.

According to this view, only the activities of those who have managerial responsibilities in the organization constitute leadership. In this business vision, administration has the functions of planning, planning and organizing all activities of an organization to achieve desired goals.Lutero GorgemiHerbert Simonsubscribe to this view.

Lutero Gorge–“Management is about getting things done; with the fulfillment of the defined goals".(Gulick 1937: 191)

Ordway-Tee– “Management is understood as the necessary activities of individuals (managers) in an organization who are responsible for ordering, directing and facilitating the related efforts of a group of individuals brought together to achieve certain defined purposes ."(Tee 1959: 67)

scope of public administration

Public administration is a diverse field with a multitude of tasks and functions. Some of the focal points of public administration are:

1. Household and financial management:This includes developing and managing budgets for government agencies and programs, and overseeing financial operations and resource allocation.
2. Personnel management:This includes recruiting, hiring and managing government employees and developing policies and procedures to ensure employees receive fair and equitable treatment.
3. policy development and analysis: This includes researching and analyzing policy issues, developing recommendations for policy change, and implementing new policies and programs.
4. Program Management:This includes the planning, implementation and evaluation of government programs and the management of resources and staff to ensure programs are carried out effectively and efficiently.
5. Conformity to standards:This includes developing and enforcing regulations and laws that govern the operations of government agencies, as well as overseeing private sector organizations that receive government funding or operate in regulated industries.
6. Emergency management:This includes preparing for, responding to, and recovering from natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other emergencies.
7. International public administration:This includes the administration of international organizations and the implementation of international development programs.
8. Public law and ethics:This includes studying the laws and regulations that govern the business of government and the ethical principles that guide the actions of public officials.
9. Electronic Government:This includes using technology and digital platforms to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services, and using data and analytics to make decisions and improve performance.

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